Media theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media theory - Essay Example Psychologist and Sociologists come up with a variety of theories as to why we watch TV. They have said that å… ¸he Mass Media Have a Direct, Immediate and Influential Effect Upon Audiences by é  ¸njectingInformation Into the Consciousness of the Masses(Wikibooks,2011) The fact of the matter is human beings have needed to be entertained since the beginning of time. We need to enjoy our leisure and before TV or even radio, in fact, the natives in the jungles of Africa invented their dances and rituals for their entertainment or self gratification if you want to make it sinister. What interests us is driven by our basic needs and background, our experiences and education. Rather than being controlled, we control the mediaPeople Bend the Media To Their Needs More Readily Than The Media Overpowering Them(Wikibooks,2011 ). We do not have studies theorizing why a person prefers a pair of blue jeans over black and quite frankly who cares. Their reasons are the same as why the watch a pa rticular movie or documentary or sporting event. There is no University degree needed here and there are no psychological or sociological problems, it is simply about a human being their need for leisure and enrtainment.. Television has not changed in the last 20 years only the technology involved in producing the entertainment. Television has become part of our lives for a variety of reasons and we do not need theories and conjectures to manipulate the reasons. Television stations produce on a supply and demand basis and we watch for enjoyment, plain and simple. That is how it was 20 years ago and that is how it will be twenty years from now. The Semiotic Media Theory interprets signs, communicative or culturally that point to the significance of a popularly appreciated phenomena. The cultural and communicative signs to the popularization of Super Bowl are pronounced and far reaching in American History. The human being needs excitement and is

Nursing Research Critique Assignment Essay Example for Free

Nursing Research Critique Assignment Essay I will be critiquing two different articles. Both studies are nursing studies that evaluate outcomes. I will be following specific key points for a quantitative perspective and a qualitative perspective. There is a guideline that I will be following for each article that includes identifying and examining the data collection and data analysis methodologies used in each study. The names of the articles are The Experience of Patients Undergoing Awake Craniotomy and The Effects of Crossed Leg Blood Pressure Measurement. The references will also be reviewed to determine validity and relationship to the new study. Data Collection Quantitative Study: The operational and conceptual definition is congruent. The key variables were operationalized using the best possible method and with adequate justification. Specific instruments were adequately described and were good choices, given the study purpose, the variables being studied, and the study population. The instrument used specifically was a blood pressure monitor. The blood pressure cuff size, dimensions, and inflation pressure were described. The blood pressure monitor was adequately pretested and calibrated before the study began by a biomedical technician (Foster-Fitzpatrick, Ortiz, Sibilano, Marcantonio, Braun, 1999). It can be determined that the data collection methods provided data that was reliable and valid. The intervention executed was having patients cross their legs and measuring their blood pressure. The intervention was adequately described and implemented. The implementation of the intervention was faithful to its plan (Polit Beck, 2012). The data was gathered by trained nurse researchers (Foster-Fitzpatrick et al. , 1999). The same blood pressure monitor was operated during the data collection to minimize biases (Foster-Fitzpatrick et al. , 1999). Qualitative Study: The methods for gathering data were appropriate and the data was gathered using interviews over a span of 2 days (Palese, Skrap, Fachin, Visioli, Zannini, 2008). It could be determined that triangulation was achieved since the interviews were performed on numerous occasions and during assorted circumstances. The researchers did ask the right questions and make the right observations, which were also recorded in an appropriate fashion. It can be concluded that sufficient data was gathered, given the specifics required to be a factor in this study. The data collected was adequately rich in depth and detail. The data was gathered using interviews with open-ended questions. The interviews were audio-recorded. The data compilation tools were valid and reliable for this study. Data collection was adequately described and appeared appropriate for this type of study. Bias was kept to a minimum. The researchers were to determine and recognize ideas that may have prompted or provoked personal biases, they also had to recognize any personal experiences or beliefs that might have influenced what they were going to hear and report (Palese et al. , 2008). Data Analysis Quantitative Study: Analyses were appropriated to answer the research question and to test the hypothesis. The researchers performed various blood pressure measurements on a sample of hypertensive males to determine if the crossing of a leg has an effect on blood pressure measurements. Appropriate statistical methods were used given the level of measurement and assumptions of the test. However, there was only one specific group that was the variable, 100 hypertensive males whose ages ranged from 31 to 81. Hypothesis testing allows researchers to make objective decisions whether study results likely reflect chance sample differences or true population differences (Polit Beck, 2012). In this study there was no control group. Then, how can we determine that crossing your leg would increase blood pressure. It is challenging to support whether a type I and type II errors were actually minimized or avoided. The intervention studies did not perform an intention-to-treat analysis. All of the participants were treated and there was no omitted information. The participants also did not abandon the study. The problems of missing values were evaluated and adequately addressed. The limitation of the study includes gender and sample size. The researchers discussed the weaknesses with solutions for future studies. The researchers recommend replicating this study using a larger sample size that includes females. They consider that these changes would increase the significance of the results. The findings are discussed and interpreted. Information about statistical significance and confidence interval is presented and reviewed. There was good use of tables and figures that included titles and headings that were clearly and appropriately labeled. The results were also clearly displayed in tables with identifiable titles and labeled headings. The study included descriptive statistics. The study described the main characteristics in the dataset. The mean and standard deviation for each blood pressure measurement was calculated before and after crossing of the legs was performed by the study subjects. Inferential statistics were also present in this study. In order to test mean differences with three or more groups, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test is used. This research study conducted a repeated-measure ANOVA, which is when there are three or more measures of the same dependent variable for each participant (Polit Beck, 2012). Measuring blood pressure at various intervals and under numerous conditions for the same subject is one incident where this type of testing can be used. . The model for this design was repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance in this study was stated at 0. 05 for all three effects in the model, (before crossing the legs, during legs crossed, and after having crossed the legs). This significance level indicates that researchers accept a risk that out of 100 samples drawn from a population, a true null hypothesis would be rejected 5 times (Polit Beck, 2012). Given the level of measurement and the nature of the hypothesis, the results were adequate. However, I believe that further research is required to have a stronger correlation. A wider sampling population should be used in future research to have more accurate conclusions. Qualitative Study: The data management and data analysis methods were sufficiently described. The data analysis strategy was compatible with the research tradition. It was also compatible with the nature and type of data gathered. The findings are effectively summarized. There was good use of citations from the patient interviews. The researchers were able to abstract concepts that were found in the data collected from the interviews. Although each patient had a unique experience, the researchers were able to categorize concepts from the data that was analyzed. Researchers were able to group these concepts into pre-operative concerns, intra-operative concerns, and post-operative concerns. Since there was limited research conducted on intra-operative experiences there were limits with the ability of being able to link it to previously performed studies. However, the study did recognize the limits it had. Since this is a qualitative study, generally these studies cannot be generalized to the population. Qualitative researchers are not concerned with the general population, but rather with subjects experiences (Polit Beck, 2012). The researchers did acknowledge the importance of the healthcare team members to think about patient’s experiences in order to better understand how to prioritize the needs of the patient (Palese et al. , 2008). I believe that biases were kept to a minimal considering the implementations that the researchers were exposed to at the beginning of the study and before they were exposed to the interviews or observations. The composition and exploration of the data produced genuine and significant descriptions of the experiences that the patients whom were subjects had. Summary After reviewing both articles and critiquing each one, I believe to have a better understanding about the difference between a quantitative research study and a qualitative research study. Data collection should be systematic and meticulous. Both studies gathered their data systematically and meticulously. In view of the statistical analysis, levels of measurement should be defined as nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio level data. Sources of data can be documentary sources as primary and secondary sources, field sources as subjects in person, conditions, environment and events that are observable and measurable, and historical data. Both of the studies also had these types of sources. The methods of collecting data include surveys questioning using interview schedule and questionnaires, observation techniques with the help of structured or unstructured instruments, and measuring with standardized instruments. Both of the studies also used some of these methods for collecting data. The purpose of analyzing data in a study is to describe the data in meaningful terms. For example, the study in reference to blood pressure changes utilized tables for interpretation. Statistics help to answer important research questions and it is the answers to such questions that further our understandings. It is required the researcher to have an understanding of what tools are suitable for a particular research study. Depending on the kinds of variables identified (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) and the design of particular study, number of statistical techniques is available to analyze data. The data collection and data analysis methodologies used varied and followed the particular need of each research study. The researchers followed the research process guidelines and methodologies. Although, both studies had some weaknesses, they were both performed adequately, using appropriate techniques and instruments. They were also both performed with integrity, discussing thei r limitations and weaknesses.

Age Of Reason Essay -- essays research papers

Stein 2 Certain Individuals that lived in the period of time know as the Age of Reason discovered many knew inventions and advancements to improve the quality of life. When experimented with, these advantages brought forth knew ideas to extraordinary people who forever changed the way we look at life. Although many people found these discoveries to bring a great revival to mankind, others rejected these new improvements and felt as if they were defying god. These years were full of discoveries, conflicts, and new visions that of the world. The age of reason brought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. Ever since the beginning of time, religion has been the dominating source of reason. People have turned to prayer and spirituality for a sense of control and understanding in their lives. Not until the years of the age of reason was there an alternative proposed for a better method of interpreting things. This alternative method was science. Although scientific thought spread rapidly, religion was not forgotten. Religion controlled many things science could not. It gave people a sense of why they are here and why things occur. This understanding results in sanity and calmness. During the age of reason, people who kept religion flourishing were Ethan Allen, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and Patrick Henry. In Thomas Paine’s The Crisis, No. 1, he uses vivid imagery and rhetorical techniques to persuade the audience into believing his point. â€Å"Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God.†(Paine). In Ethan Allen’s Reason only Oracle of Man, reason is taught through the eyes of an oracle, or someone whom God speaks to the people through. A religious revival that flourished around this point in history was called Deism. Deism beliefs differed in many ways than the traditional religions for it’s major concept was that God spoke through everyone, not only a particular chosen one. Franklin, Paine, and Jefferson all participated as active Deists, abandoning their previous religion from which they were raised. A key aspect that attracted many people to Deism was that its goal was to achieve goodness and prosperity throughout the world. Although this way of thinking seemed to have no faults, there was the share of those who rejected this idea. As rationalism spread in th... ...cements made in the political movement of the age of reason are what give the basis and shape of our successful governments today. The age of reason also contributed a great literary works. Gaining more common sense, authors were able to use more abstract thinking in their writing and talk about truth rather then fantasy or fiction. Some of the great authors of this time include James Madison and Alexander Hamilton (the Federalist Papers), Franklin and Jefferson’s Autobiographies, and Michel Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur (Letters from an American farmer). As literary works were at their peaks, poetry was on the duller, unoriginal side. It was often written in direct imitations of the British and had no thought or reason behind it. Great poetry would be soon to come in the age of romanticism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The age of reason brought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. With advancements, improvements and intelligence improving rapidly through everyone who lived at in that time, the age of reason was more of a turning point in the course of history then just a period of time.

What is A Room With A View about? Essay example -- English Literature

What is A Room With A View about, in your opinion? What methods does E.M. Forster use to convey this message to the reader? A Room With A View is about the social change occurring in England in the early 20th century, post Queen Victoria's death. Darwin had just published his book on the theory of evolution which was the catalyst for the introduction of more liberal and secular ideas into a conservative and religious England. In order to explain this process of change, Forster likens it to the Renaissance, which is why it is significant that A Room With A View begins in Italy. The problem with a rapidly changing society is that members of that society do not necessarily know how to behave because the boundaries are changing and this is what Forster is trying to portray in A Room With A View. Every character in the novel can be categorised into one of two groups, the Victorian/Medieval characters and the 20th Century/Renaissance characters. Certain characters symbolise different periods. However, Forster is skilful enough to make these characters realistic which is why they are capable of contradiction; for quite a few characters, the reader believes that they belong to one of these groups but then their behaviour is suddenly contrary to that group thus confusing the reader as to what period they symbolise. For example Miss Bartlett is immediately perceived by the reader as a 'Victorian' because in the first chapter she refuses Mr Emerson's generosity because she feels it would be improper to accept. However at the end of the novel, the reader is made aware that Miss Bartlett purposefully does not interrupt a conversation between Lucy and Mr Emerson, perfectly aware that he could persuade Lucy to admi... ...es, where people believed in love, but despise those defied convention to marry for love. His novel is successful at doing this because it glorifies passion and impulsiveness; he mocks those symbolising convention such as Cecil, Mr Eager and Miss Bartlett and endorses those that represent love and liberalisation. Cecil doesn't just represent convention he also represents 'culture'. Lucy and George marry in the end to everyone's surprise because it is Forster's hope to encourage romance. Although Forster's novel is dealing with specific events occurring in English history it never the less remains a novel which is still enjoyed today because it deals with the universal theme that love conquers all. The characters are creations that live today just as they did as when the novel was first published, because they are so realistic and familiar to the reader.

Discrimination lawsuit. Why jury decision making emotional damages Essay

Discrimination lawsuit Introduction Presenting evidence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In court proceedings, evidence is presented as either oral or written depending on the choice of the witness. In addition, the means of giving evidence may be determined by the court or the jury in charge under various considerations. Both oral and written evidence have the same purpose and can be used as the basis of court ruling (Edwards et al., 2011). In this situation where as a human resource I will be required to provide evidence of a discrimination lawsuit, the written method of evidence presentation will be the most appropriate to answer the questions from the Jury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The method of written presentation will allow adequate time to prepare and present my part of evidence and with adequate in formations. Since the presentation of evidence requires information detailing the truth about the matter and the organizations position on the case and the policy that were under consideration, the written evidence would help me to consult with other legal experts and answer questions accordingly. Oral evidence would prevent consultations that might result in inaccurate evidence that will be used to give unfair rulings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, written evidence will save a lot of time that could have been used to present the oral presentation in the court. In addition, any inconveniences would such as absenteeism in work place and productivity of the firm will be avoided (Edwards et al., 2011). Hence, written evidence will ensure that the operations of the business are not affected in any way. Moreover, it will reduce the cost incurred during the lawsuit proceedings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, written evidence presents a proof that the information communicated is true and cannot be changes. This ensures that the evidence is not compromised since is always read and presented to court as the original copy of evidence. This is in contrast to oral presentation where evidence may be changed where one may be questioned more than once hence compromising the evidence, which may affect the reliability of the evidence. Jury decision making emotional damages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Jury would rely on information from psychiatrists and medical experts who would evaluate the damages that the plaintiff suffered as a result of discriminations. This would involve psychological and mental problems that may have arose because of the discrimination (Edwards et al., 2011). Stress would be one of the conditions that may be evaluated and whether there were medical complications that resulted from the discriminatory acts. In addition, the information about the pain suffered because of discrimination would be evaluated on medical basis. These sufferings could then be compared with any financial implications suffered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, information regarding how the working and the productivity of the plaintiff was affected could be used to determine the level of the effects of emotional damages and thus form the basis of monetary compensation. For example, if in any case the discrimination resulted in decreased productivity of the plaintiff, which reduced the financial income of the income would form the basis of monetary compensation decision. Moreover, it could be evaluated based on how the act affected his or her defendant day-to-day life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similar during the proceedings, the defence presents their argument on the amount of monetary compensation that should be awarded to the plaintiff (Edwards et al., 2011). Jury determine the compensatory amount that should be paid to the plaintiff depending on the information provided by the defence team. When the court uses this information as the basis of their compensatory decision, the court act in favour of the plaintiff and it may end up awarding huge sums of money, which may be unfair to the respondent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the jury would use their freedom that is granted by the section of the law to determine the damage caused to the plaintiff and use the evidence presented to award monetary compensation. The decision could either be based on similar cases that were ruled in the past of depending on the reasoning of the bench. Reference Edwards, L., Edwards, J. S., & Wells, P. (2011). Tort Law. Cengage Learning. Source document

An Example Synopsis for Book-Length Fiction

An Example Synopsis for Book-Length Fiction Authors going through the manuscript querying process or entering writing contests must provide a synopsis of their work, along with a portion of the manuscript. After writing a 65,000+ page work, it can be hard to narrow that down to a 1-page synopsis, especially if youve invested a lot of time and emotion into the plot. You might be asking yourself: Whats important to note? What should be left out? And most of all, how can I compress a complicated plotline into 1 page of writing?To help authors through this process, weve provided example synopsis of a popular thriller, Girl With The Dragon Tattoo. In this example, youll see what needs to be included, as well as how to match the style and feel of the manuscript with the synopsis of it.Dos and dontsDO write in active voice and show the entire narrative arc.DO write clearly but show your voice.DO show how major conflicts are resolved in the last paragraph.DO begin with a strong paragraph identifying your protagonist, conflict, and set ting.DONT include too much detail about plot turns and twists.DONT write a back-cover blurb instead of a synopsis.DONT mention too many characters or events.DONT go over 1 page, single-spaced.The synopsis formatBegin with a strong paragraph identifying your protagonist, problem or conflict, and setting.The next paragraph should convey any major plot turns or conflicts necessary and any characters that should be mentioned in order for your book summary to make sense to whoever is reading it.Indicate how major conflicts are resolved in the last paragraph. This ensures a clear presentation of your book or novel and doesnt leave the reader confused.Example synopsisInvestigative reporter Mikael Blomkvist, from Stockholm, Sweden, wants to clear his name from a libel conviction over a story he wrote about a powerful man named Hans-Erik Wennerstrom. Following his trial, Blomkvist is focused on clearing his name when he receives a mysterious phone call from a lawyer representing Henrik Vange r, the retired CEO of Vanger Corporation, requesting Blomkvists presence. In that meeting, Vanger reveals details of the mysterious disappearance of his 16-year-old grand-niece, Harriet Vanger. Vanger then requests that Blomkvist solve the puzzle, with generous financial compensation along with the necessary documentation Blomkvist needs to prove that Wennerstrom is indeed a criminal.Meanwhile, Lisbeth Salander, a 24-year-old hacker, is tasked with investigating Blomkvist as a private investigator for Milton Securities- a job she was able to secure through the help of her guardian, Holger Palmgren. It is revealed that she came from a troubled childhood and her lack of cooperation caused her to be declared mentally incompetent as a young girl. Her life is further threatened when her guardian has a stroke and she is placed under the guardianship of Nils Bjurman, a sadistic man who rapes her repeatedly. Salandar blackmails her guardian to get control over her own finances and is offere d a chance to join Blomkvist in his investigation of Harriets disappearance.Salandar and Blomkvist discover that Harriet was not killed, but she had connected murders of women across Sweden in the 1940s, 50s, and 60s to Bible verses from Leviticus. They eventually learn that Harriet suspected her father, Gottfried Vanger, and her brother, Martin Vanger (the CEO of Vanger Corporation) were the murderers and fled to escape her brother who (like his father) violently raped her. Salandar and Blomkvist confront Martin, resulting in his suicide, and then find Harriet in Australia to tell her he is dead and reunite her with her uncle (Henrik).Blomkvist is then given the information on Wennerstrom but is disappointed to learn that it is too old to be used in court. Salandar then informs Blomkvist that she has copied Wennerstroms computer onto her servers and he can access it all to write the article. Blomkvist then writes the article, as well as an extensive report on Wennerstroms corruptio n, as Salander siphons millions of dollars from Wennerstroms accounts into accounts of her own.Realizing her attraction and love for Blomkvist, Salandar decides to tell him but backs out as she sees him enter his apartment with another woman.

Free Essays on Intelligence And I.Q

INTELLIGENCE & I.Q TESTING In this essay I will be examining the question â€Å"Are I.Q tests an accurate measure of intelligence?† In order to do this I must first define the world intelligence and second examine the context of an I.Q test. Defining the word intelligence is in itself a complex task, does being intelligent mean a person has the potential to learn and apply their knowledge, to solve problems or to merely think rationally and deal with situations effectively?. And if so are these qualities learnt or are we born with them. Psychologists have many conflicting views on the subject and the debate over its true meaning is still continuing. What influences our intelligence is also inconclusive. Some psychologists believe it may be due to environmental factors whilst others believe it is genetics and even health that are the main influence. My own view is that all the factors play a part in our intellect. I believe that we are first influenced by our genetic make up but the environment in which we develop influences the extent to which our given ability is used, good parenting with stimulation and encouragement and a good social environment which opportunities must surely play a key role, but there is no clear conclusion and the definitions will vary depending on what you read. So to try and put forward some kind of summary, if at all possible, may be to say that intelligence is the ability to respond to a given situation in an appropriate and accurate way, whether the reason for response be due to innate or learnt factors. Does an IQ test measure this ability? I.Q tests were first proposed in 1904 by Alfred Binet as a means of assessing problems associated with subnormal children in schools. Binet was to devise a test to measure the intellect of these children whilst relying on no particular intelligence theory. He was only interested in testing a child’s ability against children of the same age. He tried to ... Free Essays on Intelligence And I.Q Free Essays on Intelligence And I.Q INTELLIGENCE & I.Q TESTING In this essay I will be examining the question â€Å"Are I.Q tests an accurate measure of intelligence?† In order to do this I must first define the world intelligence and second examine the context of an I.Q test. Defining the word intelligence is in itself a complex task, does being intelligent mean a person has the potential to learn and apply their knowledge, to solve problems or to merely think rationally and deal with situations effectively?. And if so are these qualities learnt or are we born with them. Psychologists have many conflicting views on the subject and the debate over its true meaning is still continuing. What influences our intelligence is also inconclusive. Some psychologists believe it may be due to environmental factors whilst others believe it is genetics and even health that are the main influence. My own view is that all the factors play a part in our intellect. I believe that we are first influenced by our genetic make up but the environment in which we develop influences the extent to which our given ability is used, good parenting with stimulation and encouragement and a good social environment which opportunities must surely play a key role, but there is no clear conclusion and the definitions will vary depending on what you read. So to try and put forward some kind of summary, if at all possible, may be to say that intelligence is the ability to respond to a given situation in an appropriate and accurate way, whether the reason for response be due to innate or learnt factors. Does an IQ test measure this ability? I.Q tests were first proposed in 1904 by Alfred Binet as a means of assessing problems associated with subnormal children in schools. Binet was to devise a test to measure the intellect of these children whilst relying on no particular intelligence theory. He was only interested in testing a child’s ability against children of the same age. He tried to ...

Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire

In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the family is broken up due to the desires of both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. However, Stella, Stanley’s wife, also contributes to the unfaithfulness of her husband. It is Stella’s weak demeanor and complete difference in identity from that of her sister, Blanche, that drives Stanley to commit an unfaithful act with Blanche. No one person is to blame for the breakup of the DuBois/Kowalski family. Blanche, Stella, and even Stanley played their own role is disrupting the peace that was once shared among them. Blanche desires what her sister has all though it is not much. Stella has a husband to care for her. A husband that loves her, that no one could question, meaning that he is not gay. Stella’s life is one that is settled and complete. Blanche, on the other hand, has a life that is in turmoil. She arrives in New Orleans a talkative, witty, arrogant, fragile, and eventually a crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. She wants a cultured man but is often subconsciously attracted to strong, macho male characters, perhaps a response to her marriage with a cultured, sensitive man which ended in disaster. So, although Blanche dislikes Stanley as a person, she is drawn to him as a type of man who is obviously heterosexual and who is strong enough to protect her from a harsh world. Stanley is ultimately what she wants, yet detests, and, because of Stella she can not have him. Stanley desires a woman who is cultured, who has seen the world and has the ability to be outspoken. This is not to say that Stanley does not love Stella, in fact he loves her a little too much, sometimes Stanley just yearns for something greater. He is tired of his everyday life... Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† William Faulkner’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech, in an essence, contains what good literature should. He speaks about the universal truths. Three of these in particular, are reflected in, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†. Love, pity, and pride all play an important role in the actions and feelings that take place throughout the story. Love is what fuels the story, and starts some of the conflicts. Blanche is in desperate need of love when her husband commits suicide because of something she says to him So she turns to strangers. Here she’s flirting with a young delivery boy, â€Å"Now you run along, now quickly! It would be nice to keep you, but i've got to be good- and keep my hands of children†, scene 5 pg 196. Her promiscuity is what gets her fired from her teaching job and shunned in her prominent New Orleans town. While on the other hand, Stanley and Stella’s love is pure, almost animal like, how they need one another so much. Here Stanley yells for Stella after a fight, â€Å"Stella! My baby dolls left me! I want my baby! Stella! †¦ Stella!† scene3 pg 179. This shows their need for one another. Blanche and Stella love one another very much. They’ve been through a lot, the loss of family, money and the loss of Belle Reve [the families estate]. Here Blanche and her greet one another, â€Å" Stella, oh, Stella, Stella for star, how i’ve missed you! â€Å", scene 2 pg 152. They had a warm relationship, even though they had differences. No one ever wants to be pitied; it’s almost a type of failure. Stella and Stanley are happy together, but Blanche pities her sister for marring a poor polish immigrant. Here Stella is trying to make justice to why Stanley hit her. â€Å"He didn’t know what he was doing. He was good as a lamb when I came back, and he’s really very, very ashamed of himself.† scene 4 pg 183. She didn’t want Blanche to pity her but Stella pitied Blanche for not being able to co... Free Essays on Streetcar Named Desire In the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† by Tennessee Williams, the family is broken up due to the desires of both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. However, Stella, Stanley’s wife, also contributes to the unfaithfulness of her husband. It is Stella’s weak demeanor and complete difference in identity from that of her sister, Blanche, that drives Stanley to commit an unfaithful act with Blanche. No one person is to blame for the breakup of the DuBois/Kowalski family. Blanche, Stella, and even Stanley played their own role is disrupting the peace that was once shared among them. Blanche desires what her sister has all though it is not much. Stella has a husband to care for her. A husband that loves her, that no one could question, meaning that he is not gay. Stella’s life is one that is settled and complete. Blanche, on the other hand, has a life that is in turmoil. She arrives in New Orleans a talkative, witty, arrogant, fragile, and eventually a crumbling figure. Blanche once was married to and passionately in love with a tortured young man. He killed himself after she discovered his homosexuality, and she has suffered from guilt and regret ever since. She wants a cultured man but is often subconsciously attracted to strong, macho male characters, perhaps a response to her marriage with a cultured, sensitive man which ended in disaster. So, although Blanche dislikes Stanley as a person, she is drawn to him as a type of man who is obviously heterosexual and who is strong enough to protect her from a harsh world. Stanley is ultimately what she wants, yet detests, and, because of Stella she can not have him. Stanley desires a woman who is cultured, who has seen the world and has the ability to be outspoken. This is not to say that Stanley does not love Stella, in fact he loves her a little too much, sometimes Stanley just yearns for something greater. He is tired of his everyday life...

The Aims of the Arts and Crafts Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Aims of the Arts and Crafts Movement - Essay Example Because of the name and the overall focus of the movement, it might at first be imagined that this artistic vision could only barely touch the architectural styles of the day; however, the Arts and Crafts movement had a profound effect upon the architecture of the latter 1800s. One of its primary aims was to â€Å"render all branches of art the sphere no longer of the tradesman but of the artist. It would restore building, decoration, glass painting, pottery, woodcarving and metal to their right place beside painting and sculpture.† Working within the rather loose boundaries of the Arts and Crafts, Voysey, Baillie Scott and their contemporaries began developing new means of approaching design that hadn’t been considered previously, generating three results that almost immediately impacted the architecture of the time. â€Å"First, and the most obvious, the Arts and Crafts emphasized the artistic potential of everyday objects. Second, vastly higher standards of craftsma nship were applied to these objects, and the ideal of craftsmanship was realized much more widely than had been possible before. †¦ Third, new stress was given to the importance of function in the creation of forms.† Morris’ ideas in promoting this movement included an architectural independence from imposed style in favour of a naturally growing concept. This natural concept emerged from consideration of the surroundings and the needs of the average person. The idea was to keep the form simple and to incorporate and preserve .

Ralph Waldo Emerson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ralph Waldo Emerson - Research Paper Example With that said, a close look will be taken into Emerson’s essay, Nature, to define Emerson’s use of the metaphor to highlight the importance of nature as an ideology for finding faith within a stressful and rigid reality and to explain why Emerson’s work is a fundamental example of pastoral transcendence and should be read by anyone who wants to achieve a deeper understanding of the world around them. To begin with, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote Nature as an anonymous ploy to show the beauty he discovered; a beauty that man had only to look around him to find as well. He believed that â€Å"no power of genius†¦has ever yet had the smallest success in explaining existence. The perfect enigma remains† (Woodberry 109). In this, Emerson had achieved the impossible. For Emerson, it was clear that he had found a source of divinity within the beauty that nature holds, one that he believed most men were unable to see, and one that he believed most men needed to s ee and understand if they were to get the most out of their lives. More, that this level of attainment is so important to the life of man because not only do most men miss out on nature, but nature has so much to give if only men were to take one moment and view the true beauty that it holds. In Nature, Emerson â€Å"conceives existence as energy; uncircumscribed and formless it is God, conditioned and in the finite it is the soul within and Nature without† (Woodberry 109). In any other time in history, Emerson would probably have been called a heretic for his words, and even today his ideology that through nature man can find faith and divinity within the arms of nature may be unsettling for some. However, while his words may be taken in offence by some of the more church-based religions, Emerson brings up a unique point that man has the ability to find the warmth of God and faith just by walking alone in nature. This alone makes reading Emerson a worthwhile experience. So m any ‘classic’ works, or works considered part of the literary cannon, highlight an essential function of human life and give the reader something to chew on. What Emerson offers is more. A reader can take his words for what they are—taking in only the beauty of his prose; or, a reader can reach a level of transcendence through understanding that Emerson has opened up a world of deep meaning and rich exploration. A world where God is everywhere and a touch of faith can be as accessible as the light breeze on a sunny day. More, what Emerson is illuminating is not to start a new religion or to have man misinterpret his metaphor as anything other than as a way for man to ultimately find God; and nature is simply that pathway. Now, Emerson is not defining God, either. It seems clear that he intends every man to have their own faith in whichever manner that they choose, it is mostly that he wants to offer man an avenue for finding the inner peace and solace that holdin g the faith of a divinity represents. And, getting there means that man has to let go of some of the hectic business of life and take a moment of silence to open up his very soul to the prospect of solace through the beauty of nature. This alone is like getting valuable advice from an unexpected place. Emerson is clever, by making man out to be a relatable version of everyman. His words make it clear that no man has to choose a religion to find the peace of faith and enlightenment, and he makes it accessible to seek a pathway to solace of the soul. In many ways, it is a

Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies Case Study

Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies - Case Study Example The main research question to be speaking to in this reading is whether the chief executive officer (CEO) ought to unilaterally exercise strategic leadership on behalf of the whole organization or whether such leadership ought to be shared by one or more additional groups in the pecking order of management. The achievement of the strategic objectives fundamental strategic decisions is talented through the effectual practice of strategic leadership. In spite of the self-evident perceptual imprecision and cognitive limitations of strategic leaders, their imitation of the factors causal to or detracting from victorious outcomes of strategic choices are extremely important for the long-term feasibility of the organization (Wheelen, Thomas L. Hunger). The study fundamental this research is directed toward determine the truly important leadership factors that make a payment to the achievement of implemented strategic decisions as seen during the eyes of the chief executive officer (CEO). The exact focus is on strategic leadership at the height of the CEO. There are additional studies that are anxious with the CEO as a strategic leader. But, for the mainly part, these are not studies in which the CEO is the elite participant. This study is based on a learning of strategic leadership at the CEO level as apparent by the in office chief executives with a sight toward formative whether victorious strategic decisions ought to be made unilaterally or jointly at the uppermost levels of the business. Introduction The following report describes and analyses Jeyes business 's generic and distinctive marketing strategies, as well as providing accurate industry, competitor, market, and SWOT analysis'. Evaluation of Jeyes business 's marketing strategy is conducted, thus analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy. Lastly the report recommends probable future courses of actions obtainable to Jeyes business, in order to get better profits and stop mistakes in the future. It is important to emphasize that the study of International strategic planning methodology should not be limited to techniques alone. numerous books have been written on planning method over the years, but without firm basics in theory and/or empirical confirmation, very few have endured the examination of time. Accordingly, this quantity is a compendium of together theory and experiential proof that pertain especially to how firms ought to be managed deliberately. Thus, the application of strategic management hypothesis and experiential proof to preparation technique is the subject matter of strategic planning methodology, and this quantity which, we consider, is the first to attain such a nexus (Schuler, R. S., 2003, 419-459). Strategic development technique is, to strategic management theory, what automatic engineering is to hypothetical physics. More than just procedural guidelines, then, this research contains main beliefs of applied strategic management theory and experiential evidence that are either usually accepted or adequately verifiable to serve as bases for expert practice. mutually strategic management scholars and grave strategic planning practitioners who wish a total collection of typically accepted planning main beliefs ought to find this

Environmental Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Regulations - Essay Example Emissions trading or cap which is a market-approach used in controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for gaining reduction in the rate of emissions of pollutants, offers a better means of regulating environmental impact of the aviation industry (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). Aviation tax which is a tax levied on passengers who pass through the airport is one of the taxes used to regulate the activities in the industry. The tax is thus included in the cost of air travels hence it is met by all people who are traveling. This is known as landing fee as the bulk of it is paid by the airlines and transferred to the customers through increased ticket prices. The fact that the taxes are based on the popularity of an airline, means that some will pay more while others will tend to pay less. This does not offer a better means of regulating environmental degradation caused by the aviation industry. It is a proven fact that the rate of pollution remains the same irrespective of the popularity of the airline hence the levies charged need to be the same for all the airlines. Emissions trading seem to offer the best way of controlling pollution in the aviation industry as it is charged equally for all the

Company's economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Company's economics - Essay Example ntory 60000 Purchases 200000 Advertising Expenses 20000 Rent 7200 Telephone 1200 Utilities 4800 Payroll 112000 Loan-1 (336x12) 4032 Bal C/d 1392 Loan-2 (8000+4160) 12160 Common Stock A/C Interest A/C Bal c/d 60000 Cash 60000 Cash 4160 Profit/Loss A/c 4160 Loan A/C Pickup Truck A/c Cash 4032 Cash 32000 Cash 2000 Cash 8000 Pickup Truck 10000 Loan 10000 Bal c/d 12000 Bal C/d 29968 Display Equipment A/C Debtors A/C Cash 6000 Bal C/d 6000 Sales 60000 Balc/d 60000 Rototiller A/c Rent A/C Cash 400 Bal c/d 400 Cash 7200 Profit/Loss A/c 7200 Cash Register A/C Telephone Expense A/C Cash 3600 Cash 1200 Profit/Loss A/C 1200 Inventory A/C Utilities A/C Cash 60000 Cost of Sales 240000 Cash 4800 Profit/Loss A/C 4800 Cash 200000 Bal c/d 20000 Payroll A/C Sales A/C Cash 112400 Profit/Loss A/C 112400 Cash 340000 Profit/Loss A/c 400000 Debtors 60000 Advertising Expense Cash 20000 Profit/Loss A/C 20000 THE GARDEN PLACE INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 2007 $ $ Sales 400,000 Less: Cost of Goo ds Sold Opening stock 60000 Purchases +200000 Stock available for sale 260000 Less: closing stock (20000) Cost of goods sold (240000) Gross profit 160000 Less: Expenses Interest expense 4160 Advertising expense 20000 Rent 7200 Telephone 1200 Utilities 4800 Payroll 112000 (149360) Net Income 10640 Balance Sheet VERTICAL ANALYSIS COMPANY A BALANCE SHEET 2011 2010 Assets $ % $ % Current Assets Cash 4274 1.58% 1270 1% Trade Accounts Receivables 56504 20.95% 41174 22% Inventories 184113 68.26% 132196 70% Deferred tax payment 3384 1.25% 2611 1% Other current assets 11053 4.10% 8795 5% Total current assets 259328 96.14% 186046 98% Advance to supplier, net of imputed interest 4479 1.66% 0 0% Preferential supply agreement 521 0.19% 0 0% Long term financing cost, net of amortization 1360 0.50% 0 0% Property and equipment, net 4060 1.51% 4078 2% Total assets 269728 100.00% 190124 100% Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Current liabilities Notes payable 154424 57.25% 100447 53% Current maturities 160 0.06% 15131 8% Trade accounts payable 50054 18.56% 31482 17% Income tax payable 4060 1.51% 6143 3% Accrued expense and derivative liabilities 4089 1.52% 10537 6% Dividends payable 231 0.09% 0 0% Total current liabilities 213018 78.98% 148760 78% Mortgage payable 1461 1621 1% Subordinated convertible debt net of unamortized discount 9501 0.54% 0 0% Derivative liability for embedded conversion option 1934 3.52% 0 0% Deferred tax payable 212 0.72% 0 0% Stakeholders Equity Common stock$0.1 par value, 20000000 shares authorized and 11749651 issued Dec31 2011 and 2010 117 0.04% 117 0% Additional paid in capital 11937 4.43% 11937 6% Retained Earnings 35271 13.08% 31235 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (214) -0.08% (96) 0% Treasury stock 2511245 and 2490745 shares at Dec31 2011 and 2010 (3509) -1.30% (3450) -2% Total shareholders’ equity 43602 16.17% 39743 21% Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 269728 100.00% 190124 100% COMPANY A INCOME STATEMENT V ERTICAL ANALYSIS $ % $ % Net Sales 514633 100.00% 465013 100.00% Cost of goods sold 490102 95.23% 434785 93.50% Gross Profit 24531 4.77% 30228 6.50% Selling, general and administrative expense 13336 2.59% 12031 2.59% Operating income before impairment recovery 11195 2.18% 18197 3.91% Impairment recovery 0 0.00% 346 0.07% Operating income 11195 2.18% 18543 3.99% Other income/expense Change in

Environmental Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Regulations - Essay Example Emissions trading or cap which is a market-approach used in controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for gaining reduction in the rate of emissions of pollutants, offers a better means of regulating environmental impact of the aviation industry (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). Aviation tax which is a tax levied on passengers who pass through the airport is one of the taxes used to regulate the activities in the industry. The tax is thus included in the cost of air travels hence it is met by all people who are traveling. This is known as landing fee as the bulk of it is paid by the airlines and transferred to the customers through increased ticket prices. The fact that the taxes are based on the popularity of an airline, means that some will pay more while others will tend to pay less. This does not offer a better means of regulating environmental degradation caused by the aviation industry. It is a proven fact that the rate of pollution remains the same irrespective of the popularity of the airline hence the levies charged need to be the same for all the airlines. Emissions trading seem to offer the best way of controlling pollution in the aviation industry as it is charged equally for all the

Problem Set Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Set - Essay Example This is also true in the case of couples. However, studies show that it is more likely for a woman to follow the partisanship of the husband as compared to the contrary scenario. Genetics can also play a vital role in partisanship. Genetics is vital in the political socialisation of an individual. This is sourced from the fact that there is a predisposition to incline towards certain issues in the society. The perception of peer groups can affect political socialisation. This then, in turn, affects partisanship of the individual. However, the effect of these groups is thought to be of lesser power as compared to parents. b. Bipartisanship has always characterised the agenda of presidential elections. Each one of them endeavours to increase bipartisan interactions with the opposition. However, this is rarely an easy undertaking. This stems from the presence of barriers within the political system. The political system, in place, has resulted in the presence of Congress members who hav e little institutional knowledge. As such, their reconvened notions are always to counter the arguments of the opposing party. Insider knowledge is vital in the performance of congress members. This is exemplified by the relative bipartisanship evident in a significant number of politically older Congress members. Aside from this source of partisanship, there exists a crucial element that is responsible for partisanship. The political system is responsible for instituting reforms that limit the amount of campaign donations from a single source. This necessitates the campaign to search for funding from several sources. These subsequent interactions by the donors results in political socialisation. As such, when in Congress, these ideologies are in most cases different from those propagated by the rival party. 2. a. In such a situation, the Democrats would be campaigning for the bill. This is probable since they operate under the premise that the benefit of the general public should b e of the core concern. All through the entirety of the House sessions and political stance of the current administration, this has always been their unspoken mantra. This is best exemplified by their stance on the AIG situation. The Democrats were against the hefty package payout to the giant insurance firm. The Republicans are most likely to be against the bill. In line with their stance on the bailout, it can be assumed that they will be catering the upper class citizens, especially the millionaires. As such, they will put up convincing arguments to justify their stance. Arguments might be in the form of the bill being in detriment to the country as it scares investors. At this juncture, the passage of the bill is a demanding affair. b. In a country with a parliamentary system, the complexities mentioned above are almost non-existent. This stems, in part, from the fact that partisanship is not significantly entrenched in the American system. In a parliamentary system, the oppositi on does not endeavour to solely reject the policies proposed by the government. As such, once an appropriate higher number of members accept the bill, it moves to the head of state (MAISEL, 2007). 3. A nation is defined as a group of people unified by their nationality or ethnic background. A distinguishing factor is that nations are not associated with any geography. On the other hand, a state is an independent country: sovereignty. It is geographical location that is governed by a sovereign government.

The Ways Juliet Changes in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The Ways Juliet Changes in Romeo and Juliet Essay 1. The way in which her maturity level changes is extreme. In the 3rd scene in act 1 it shows how young she is (13) as she has not even thought of the idea of marriage. She says† It is an honour that I dream not of.† Meaning she has not thought about marriage yet. While she is doing this Romeo is still in deep sorrow about the fact that Rosaline does not love him but he loves her. These 2 points show the difference in age and maturity already as she is not having much to do with boys but Romeo is already chasing girls. A fact that is shocking to any modern day person is that she is only 13 at the beginning of the play and she is being asked about marriage. This shows the time that the play is set in as it is normal to get married at this age. Lady Capulet says, â€Å" Thou knowest my daughter’s of a pretty age† in Act 1 scene 3. Juliet also says that she will think about the idea of marriage which links onto my next point. Another thing that shows how young she is that even though she has never met Romeo before she immediately falls in love with her. This shows her immaturity. Modern day people talk about teenage love and how it is so unlikely to last and how teenagers will fall in love at first sight but never really make a relationship last. Well this is an example of that but in those days if you loved each other you would get married. The way she is only around 1 day into her relationship and is getting married shows how venerable she is which is another factor adding to her maturity level. Another factor about her maturity level is that she develops from someone who takes no risks to taking a life threatening risk. A point that shows she is young is that she is like a sheep at the beginning. Following what ever Romeo did but then she changes that and becomes more mature and thinking hard about whether Romeo is right for her. In the end she decides to do the bravest thing anyone could ever do in her situation. Though her immaturity does not think it through very well as she never though about what might happen if Romeo saw her â€Å"dead†. Both Romeo’s act of killing Tybalt and Juliet’s poison act ended up in maturity getting the better of both of them. If either of them had been more mature then Romeo would have run away rather than kill and Juliet would not of had to take the poison. 2. The way she obeys her parents explains her maturity. At the beginning she is obeying every word her parents say and then at the end she takes poison to evade marrying someone her parents have arranged a marriage with. At the beginning of the play she also trusts her nurse and obeys her as well. During the middle of the play she meets the rebellious Romeo who has met Juliet at a party after he has been mourning his loss of Rosaline, they decide in scene 6 acts 2 to get married. They enter Friar Lawrence’s cell and get married. This marriage is secret and this is the start of the times when she disobeys her parents. The final stage of her complete disobeying of her parents and nurse is when she takes the poison. She also shuns her nurse and tells her go away after she proposes that Juliet marries Paris. Her father is also extremely angry as he set up the marriage and she does not want to get married. 3. Her perception of Romeo changes dramatically through out the play as well. First of all she starts off by thinking he is wonderful and the best man to ever love and then she cannot decide whether he is evil or good. This happens after he kills Tybalt. A quote to describe her feeling for him is â€Å"Beautiful tyrant†. This oxymoron shows how she is confused about whether he is a good man or evil. She gets very defence over him though when the nurse says bad things about him. She is confused over her feeling for Romeo. Her feeling for him change through out the play as she her picture of him changes from handsome and a good man to an evil/still good man. She still loves him very much though as she risks her life for him taking poison and then ends up killing herself as her husband committed suicide think she was dead. Another quote that explains her confusion over whether Romeo is good or bad is â€Å"honourable villain† or â€Å"Upon his brow shame is ashamed to sit† These 2 quotes explain how he is honourable to her but a villain to everyone else. And also how shame would never be a characteristic about him. In summary she changes majorly throughout the whole play. From immature to mature and from not even thinking about marriage to marriage. Overall her as a character becomes an adult. No longer is she obeying her parents and not being in love. She has transformed to a proper young adult who knows what the word love means and its full values. Also she learns how important some people are to her and that if you want things your way you are going to have to take risks in order to full those wishes of hers. These wishes end in blood spill and peace between the 2 previously raging families.

Breakfast Food Industry Analysis And Strategic Marketing Essay

Breakfast Food Industry Analysis And Strategic Marketing Essay Breakfast, defined as the first meal of a day, has become a common diet of Americans since the rise of human civilization. 10,000 years ago Neolithic farmers learnt how to cultivate and so they created first a steady food supply. Romans revolutionized the first meal with a cereal version which has dominated the world since with wheat, oats and barley being the main ingredients. Cereal is currently the only major breakfast component in the present worlds and has built an 8 billon dollar industry in the 21st century. In 1890 John Harvey Kellogg single handedly built the first modern breakfast-food industry in greek Michigan. This led to dominion of four big cereal companies namely, Kellogg, General Mills, Post, and Quaker Structure Economic Analysis There are four big cereal companies holding 86.4% and a few small companies holding 13.6% of the market share. Price competition is nonexistent. In 1993 the industry earned a net profit of 6.7% barriers to entry and numerous government attempts to finish it have failed. Cereal industry is at $8 billion any approach that can gain 1% increase is substantial for the companies. Porters Model Rivalry The cereal being highly consolidated market. The dominance 1970 by the four companies to 90% of ready to eat cereal, which has dropped recently the market, is still consolidated Buyer Power Due to the fact that there are only a few major companies, consumers do not have a big impact on the industry because they purchase small quantities of cereal weekly. Hence Cereal Companies are not dependant to their views. Grocery stores are their main threats because they decide who gets shelf space and this is what cereal companies need. Supplier Power There are a few substitutes to cereal thus they give suppliers in cereal industry a lot of power since they are common and do not swing the consumer precedence. Secondly is there is a capability of suppliers merging with these substitute companies. For example sugar companies trying to merge with cereal company. Substitutes In 1970s and 1980s pop Tarts and breakfast bars began to compete with cereals and consumers had more to choose from. Consumers need for a healthy diet led to another substitute i.e. hot cereal Potential Competitors Cereal Companies has so much power due to lack of competition, but there are a few barriers which make this impossible. The cereal company takes advantage of the cost and economics of scale. This stems from advertising, in 1993, 1.3 million of advertisement aired costing 762 million dollars daily .with this amount a new company can create a new cereal. It there for becomes very difficult to compete with these large markets which have also used cartoon characters which have become related to children hence fixing their presence in consumers minds. Technological Environment Technology creates a barrier in that most companies have spent many years developing new products hence this makes it impossible to innovate a new product of cereal . To maintain the crispy of cereal in milk is a technology question that poses as huge barrier. Macro-Economic Environment With the American economy growing, and inflation steady the average person has more purchasing power and consumers are better able to afford cereals. Social Environment Demographics These are very vital in any industry. Currently, 49% of Americans consume cereals in the morning. This shows that the social environment has a major influence. With the increase of the median income from $31,341 in 1970 to $32,264 it suggests that income hasnt increased proportionally. This means that consumers are paying more for breakfast. The economic scenario of both working parents has led to the need of a quick breakfast in order to get their kids to school and get to their own work place. Political and Legal Environment In 1970s, the cereal industry rose to90% from 68% in 1940. This saw the critics come up with strategy of cooperating and creating a monopoly. The Trade commission started to investigate the alleged cooperation but the cereal industry blocked the allegations. In 1970s, there was a delay in handling of profits which went on until early 1980s, and FTC found barriers to break the industry. First a great relationship between manufacturers and congress members and the mass advertising budget, this continued for 15 years. Strategies Competitive strategies of the industry cycle include: low-cost, differentiation, and focusers. However, The cereal industry, uses two of these strategies, low-cost and differentiation. Low Cost Strategies The effective tolls of low cost strategies include use of coupon reduction was used in 1994 by general mills this year they cut it by $175million others have followed suit. The industry has turned to streamline marketing meaning a company marketing a variety of products to reduce marketing cost by using economies of scale the cereal industry also attempted to manufacture low-cost strategy. The companies in this industry use high capital production methods instead of labor intensive methods. This is proved by decreasing the amount of workers and the increasing the capital investments. It is also supported by high levels of value added in between raw materials and the final product Differentiation Strategy Cereal industry uses the strategy of differentiation. A range of name brands are produced aiming different market segments.ie for children and adults being health conscious, this is known as product proliferation that is pursuing a big product line. In the cereal industry, production of new products leads to completion. Now there are over 75 new brand names Pricing Strategies Historically the company has worked with one pricing strategy, this being the price discrimination. But some of the key players now use price competition. Price Discrimination Coupons have been a staple aspect used by cereal companies. They are designed to give consumers a lower price that is if they take time to obtain and use them Price Slashing In 1994 share general millis slashed their prices but with little success. For the cereal industry, price cuts will not be hurting since profits are high TRENDS The cereal business is all about market domination through marketing and promotion budgets causing evolution of four companies barriers to entry and promotional ware has led to market share for small companies unattainable. Consumer Trends Consumers have finally let go the high-priced products opting for private labeled products because they are cheaper. Industries are aware of this problem and are pursuing a better solution Trends in Product Development This is a strategy that will see the improvement of the product. For example, entirely coming up with a new product. New cereal flavor and many more will see to a companys improvement Growth Trends Global expansion as well as operating cost reductions may ensure success and growth in the Companies. Consumers are gaining a similar taste as a result of technology leading to a market growth. Breakfast Cereals in Canada Overview Market Definition The ongoing emphasis on health and wellness as well as on breakfast being the most important meal of the day continued to drive consumer demand. In particular, high fibre has become a growing trend within breakfast cereals due to promotion of the nutritional value of wholegrain by dieticians, government and subsequently The Canadian breakfast cereals market consists of mainly hot cereals and ready-to-eat cereals. The ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal industry is uniquely qualified by a high concentration, a large advertising-to-sales ratio, high price-cost margins and a very aggressive entry of new products. These facts have turned this industry into a concentrated differentiated-products industry where price competition is unanimously cooperative and brand rivalry is left to marketing, product promotion and new product development. Due to this aggressive marketing, rapid development of new products and a certain surge in consumer awareness of natural cereals, the sales of breakfast cereals has grown steadily in recent times with the retail sales figures increasing by 3% last year alone. This translates to about C$ 1.4 billion and a volume of 181,000 tonnes of cereal. During this period, the structure of this industry changed dramatically into a more concentrated market from an earlier largely fragmented state. Market Segments analysis Among adults à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An equal number of women, 82 percent and men, 79 percent aged 20 years and above eat cereal daily. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Older adults consume cereal more than younger adults. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More Caucasian, 82 percent adults aged 20 and above eat cereal than do adults from all other races combined. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢19% percent of adults with a 12th grade educational level and below skip breakfast, compared to 15% of those with college education. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ About 75 percent of Canadians earning less than C$25,000 eat breakfast compared to 86 percent earning $75,000 and above. Among Children and Adolescent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adolescent Girls are more likely to skip breakfast than boys à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ White children are more likely to eat cereal for breakfast than black or Hispanic children. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Children, 36% consume Whole grain cereals more frequently, followed by snacks, 33%, lunch and dinner, 15% each and brunch, 1%. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Children and adolescents aged two to eighteen years who eat cereals, 30.9 percent, contribute the most to the whole grains diet, followed by corn and other chips at 21.7%, and yeast breads at 18.1%. Strategies To Successfully Market MUESLI In Canada à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Develop an aggressive marketing campaign around the whole grain quality, tasty and a non-traditional breakfast cereal that is MUESLI. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Advocate for an on-the-go MUESLI breakfast option. Suggest enjoyable ways such as portable breakfast for MUESLI consumers together with other fun beverages such as 100 percent fruit juice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sell the MUESLI idea to parents and sensitize them on the importance of being good role models for children and teens over the breakfast meal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sell the natural whole grains cereal flakes, dried fruit, nuts and pumpkin seeds by education to weight-conscious consumers on their effectiveness in weight management à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Since most of Cereal consumers are children, introduce MUESLI on a marketing gimmick that fruits, nuts and seed may actually sharpen their performance in school. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Since economics is also a major player in cereal statistics, use the platform to launch MUESLI as a new affordable whole grain breakfast option. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Concentrate in the participation of school breakfast programs which may be a very appropriate and cheap market launching pad.

The Role Of Language Essay -- essays research papers

The Role of Language Can contemporary discourse presume a community of interest? In order to answer this question, one is forced to first answer the question, can language be used to reveal anything new? If the answer is yes, then how can it do this and how can we employ it to do this for us. Also, one is forced to ask what is it exactly that we are looking for? Once we’ve found it, how can we use it to improve our present condition? Plato and Descartes both believe that language can indeed improve our conditions through it’s revelation, and both give methods to attain new knowledge. Although vastly differing, in that Descartes builds knowledge from the ground up, while Plato works from a distorted view, and seeks to clarify it, their philosophies mean the most, and have the highest practical purpose when they are employed together. By basing a Socratic argument on Descartes’ pre-established truths, one can attain undoubtable new knowledge. This knowledge can, and will improve societ y. The reason it will do this is explainable by looking at the tendency that man has to correct himself once he knows in certitude that he has been mistaken in his actions. Any enlightened individual who has, in the past, made mistakes due to their own ignorance, would, upon learning the error of their ways, not return into err, but use the knowledge to correct their previous mistake. So it is with society. Once we find out where we are in err, it would be ignorant of us not to correct ourselves. Before we can look at finding knowledge, however, we must first look at how we should properly use language. Socrates and Plato see language mainly as the mechanism to provide truth and knowledge. In engaging in argument, Socrates is given a definition of a word such as courage, justice or piety. Then, rather than giving his own definition in retort, he offers a situation in which the given definition is incorrect and then challenges his opponents to find something which is common to all courageous, just or pious acts. The commonality in things is the goal that Plato and Socrates are striving for. What makes things, like just acts, the same even though they all differ in some way? What is it that all separate just acts have in common so that they are recognizable as just acts? Knowledge is to know what isn’t evident in the object or action, but to know what it is that makes all objects ... ...ve no one would care to argue this point. Since we are contented with our lot in life and do not care to search for truth but rather have it handed to us for the cost of an education, cable bill and Internet connection per month, are we not the fools who are content while the enlightened few, the philosophers and all those others who think for themselves, remain discontented with our situation. As Plato and Socrates would certainly suggest, language use is essential if we are to have some idea of a means to achieving our goal as humans in society. It is quite evident now that language is indeed a powerful tool and can be used for reasons of knowledge and for reasons of power. It is also quite obvious that today only a small number of the population use their own heads to think and leave the power solely to the modern institutions of ‘knowledge distribution’. By using Aristotelian Logic, arguments can be used to produce truths, so long as the premises are true, and De scartes has provided this foundational truth. Using argument, talking to each other, one can find the commonality in all things, and discover what our own commonalties are as human beings and as elements in the state.

Bloomsbury and Its Make-Up :: Bloomsbury History Literature Essays

Bloomsbury and Its Make-Up Literature and Art were very important in the early 1900’s. Someone could always turn to a book or a painting to help them be more relaxed and feel more comfortable. One of the major groups of the early 1900’s that had both aspects of literature and art was the Bloomsbury group. This group was made up of a number of people, who shared similar interests and views. One of the more notable writers in the 1900’s, Virginia Woolf was a member of the Bloomsberries. Many of her novels have been heavily criticized and talked about throughout the years. Virginia Woolf as well as other members of the Bloomsbury group led very radical lives which led to radical art. The history of the Bloomsbury Group, with a special emphasis on its association in art and literature, has been well told(Dowling 11). "The Bloomsbury Group, an informal coterie of writers, artists and critics who settled early this century in the district of that name in London, has long been in danger of suffocating beneath a slagheap of nostalgia"(Economist 102). They made Bloomsbury Square in London the center if activities from 1904 to W.W.II. This group included, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, Leonard Woolf, E.M. Forster, V. Sackville-West, Roger Fry, Clive Bell, John Maynard Keynes and Vanessa Bell. Four of the members had gone to Cambridge in 1899 and they were immediately taken by the intellectual air of the University as opposed to the sterility and boredom of other schools they had attended. Every Bloomsbury who attended Cambridge thrived there. "Body and spirit, reason and emotion, work and play, architecture and scenery, laughter and seriousness, life and art, these pairs which elsewhere contrasted were there fused into one" (http://www.feminista.com). Bloomsbury was always under fire. This is the common fate of all groups, coteries and cliques, particularly if they have sufficient liveliness to make a new contribution to the thought of their time. Bloomsbury certainly has not been left out from the variations of aesthetic feeling and today its situation is similar to the Pre-Raphaelites forty years ago. "Bloomsbury however was unlike the Pre-Raphaelites in that it had been criticized from a bewilderingly large number of points of view" (Bell 10). The Bloomsbury Group has been praised as a hothouse for writing talent. The founders main concern was to maintain that "magic quality" they had discovered at Cambridge. There was no formal membership list or leader or set of rules to follow.

History of design Essay

The design history is commonly defined as the study of the objects in their stylish and historical context. This includes social, economical, technical, Cultural and aesthetic. The history of design has in it the study of all designed objects including the fashions, interiors, graphics designs, industrial and product design. The history of design has to incorporate the heroic criticism of its discipline in material culture establishment. History of design has played a major role in understanding the forma used methods of doing work until the discovery and innovations of machines in the 19th and 20th century. The role of machine in 19th and 20th century Machine is the most defining entity in the 19th and 20th century. Its entrance in the turn of the centuries was significance to the modern age and was facilitated by energy and its productivity. The innovation of the machines contributed to many changes including the shifting of people from the rural areas to the urban areas. This made people see the world in different perspective and felt as if everything was possible. The innovation of the machine had an effect to the labor practices. The aspect on which the work was being done changed, machines was viewed a savior as it would do more work at a shorter time compared to human and animals. The cultivation and tilling of land was made easy as machines would different types of work under control of one person and hence increased production. The labor practices on the other hand had some negative impact in the innovation of machines. The work that several people would be hired to do, would be done by one machine therefore contributing to the losing of jobs. (Dee, 2005) Industrial design can be defined as an applied art where aesthetic of large quantity of produced products can be improved for marketing. The industrial designer role is creating and executing design and solutions for problems of form, engineering, brand development, usability, sales and user ergonomics. The introduction of machine in the industrial design enables the given firm a chance to have mass production of products. In the 19th and 20 nth century, the introduction of machines enabled the crafts firms have more production therefore increasing profit margins. With the introduction of machines, some countries were able to put themselves in a competitive footing with other countries that had the same level of innovation. (Arthur, 1988) According to the Carma Gorman, an industrial design reader, logo has a shouting power to market the industry. The industrial designer should take into consideration the distinctiveness of the company in the market which may be determined by the designed logo. As the work of the designer is to create all the solutions that would ensure the industry has a competitive footage with others of the same field. Gorman, 2003) Innovation of machines increased efficiency in doing work. Much work could be done with the innovation of machine and be completed in a shorter time compared to work done manual. Due to high power production by the machine, some of the hard task could be done that could have otherwise required some people to accomplish. Besides doing difficult tasks, machine would do more work effectively compared to human or man power. Due to effectiveness of the machines, it was easy to predict how much work would be done and how much time would be taken to accomplish the task. Ornament is decoration detail that is mostly used to decorate or beautify part of a building or the interior furnishing. As this is done on various surfaces ranging from soft to hard surfaces like on stones, wood, metal, clay and plaster, it would require a machine to this king of work. Before the innovation of machines, this was done by hand which consumed much time and energy. The introduction of machines helped in making more complex designs on clothes, ceramics, furnishers, metalwork and on clay. (John, 1963) Machines have strengthened the cultural identity and have increased our standard of living by creating wealth in the economy. In the hierarchy of designs have gone to an extent of explaining how helpful machines are to our modern life. There has been a continued development and need for the machines to do the most complex work that cannot be done without the help of the machine. (Baker, 2007), Conclusions The innovation of machines has helped in the formation new tread of performing different duties. It was through the introduction of machine more complex work was done in a short time. This helped in improving on efficiency and increase in the quantity production.

Environmental Regulations Essay

Today’s society demands its industries to be more sensitive to the needs of the environment. With the increasing preference for raw materials and resources, the questions of sustainability and efficiency come into the picture as many producers seek to maximize the way these resources are used. Like any other resource, galvanized steel has undergone numerous changes that had made it both environmentally green and adaptive to the needs of society. In the end, by both catering to needs of nature and harnessing new ways to improve, industries can maximize cost effective exhaustion of raw materials and create a consensus for adaptability. Understanding the Development and Need Since the industrial revolution, steel has been considered an important commodity among states and many industries. It is the primary component in creating structures and developing new mechanisms that can help man. Seeing this, it has helped man traverse the century creating new advancement in different areas such as automobiles, construction, household appliance, etc. However, with the rapidly increasing exhaustion of man in its natural resources, there is a call for an increase in sustainability and efficiency in using and tapping resources such as steel. As time progressed, it has also given man time to generate and perfect the creation of new steels that are both stronger and effective than their predecessors. An example of this is galvanized steel. Though to generate other resources often create many adverse effects in the environment, it can be argued that galvanized steel is considered ‘green’ because of using natural methods and tapping into one element that is considered environmental friendly; zinc (International Zinc Association, 2008). Helping Reduce the Cost of Consumption and Production With today’s increasing and developing technology, man continuously finds ways to help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of how things are done. This also applies in galvanized steel industry as many look into ways of reducing the possible cost brought about by corrosion and other risk factors associated in the process. One example of this development is the creation of the Life-Cycle Cost Calculator (LCC) to actively determine what anti-corrosion system best suites you in the long run (Galvanizing Cost, 2008). Under this system, it helps calculate the maintenance and total cost that can be incurred given several economic conditions such as inflation and interest rates. Seeing this, the LCC is just one of the ways that the galvanized steel industry has been committed in creating effective and efficient ways of building. By using active data and interpreting it accordingly to the needs of a specific industry, they can maximize the capability of the steel while at the same time reducing the risk of corrosion and further exhaustion. This in turn can generate better allocation of galvanized steel in areas that need it most. Understanding what Zinc is Since the primary component of galvanized steel is Zinc, it is essential for individuals to decipher the importance of such element to fully understand why it is considered to be ‘green’ in both application and in its creation. One important thing to understand about this element is that Zinc is an earth element that can be recycled over and over without worrying about losing its physical or chemical properties (International Zinc Association, 2008). At the same time, this element remains to be abundant as it is considered to be the 27th most common element on the earth. Another important idea to point out is that in determining the level of reserves looks into the amount of information scientists have gathered in a specific place and using a particular technology. â€Å"The term ‘reserves’ denotes only what has been mapped and measured today and what can be exploited using current technology† (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). With these, such resource is highly sustainable in the environment because of its ability to both its protection and enabling social progress. Zinc’s Impact The presence of Zinc remains to be an important component for both man and the environment. Many scientists have argued that this element remains to be an essential component for life in many species and organisms. That is why this element should be taken adequately to fully sustain our needs. â€Å"When uptake is too low, deficiency occurs and adverse effects can be observed† (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). On the other hand, too much exposure on this can lead to toxicity and poisoning. With the right amount, zinc can help improve health and wellness of man and the environment. In particular, Zinc has properties that is significant in man’s health and can cater improvements in growth, fertility, immune system and vision (International Zinc Association, 2008). Likewise, if one shall study a person’s anatomy, Zinc is present in different areas of the body particularly in organs, tissues, and bones. To gain the proper amount of Zinc, man can get it in various food forms such as meat, poultry, fish and seafood (International Zinc Association, 20098). That is why having a balanced diet can generate the sufficient amount of zinc that can lead to wellness and improvement. If not given proper attention, the lack of Zinc in the person’s body can generate several risk factors. â€Å"Zinc deficiency is responsible for approximately 16% of lower respiratory tract infections, 18% of malaria and 10% of diarrhoeal disease† (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). Likewise, this is also applicable in agriculture particularly in soil and crops. Without the proper nourishment of zinc, it reduces the number of production during harvest and at the same time lowers its overall quality. Fostering Responsible Extraction and Mining Like any other element, Zinc must be extracted in the earth and refined to create new products in the process. This has been evident in the 18th century as man sought to improve and develop new mechanisms that can help them move forward. However, during the middle of the 20th century, there has been a consensus to help reduce the risk factors associated with exposure to Zinc emotions in the environment (International Zinc Association, 2008). This has led to numerous changes in how refinement is administered as it became environmental friendly and adaptable to the needs of the current trends. One important indicator that is used by scientists to actively determine the level of Zinc emissions was measured in the Greenland snow. â€Å"The minute amounts of zinc deposited at this remote location are an indicator of both natural zinc cycling and anthropogenic zinc emissions to air in Europe and North America, and reflect the trend in zinc emissions to air observed throughout the northern hemisphere† (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). One important result of this study showed that there has been a reduction of zinc emissions in the environment and continues to decrease in the years to come. This change can be attributed to the recent developments in both extraction and technology. With the help of new instruments and mechanisms, better facilitation and exhaustion is now possible with the minimal risk factors associated in the process such as fugitive emissions. â€Å"Fugitive emissions originate from sources such as outdoor stockpiles, handling or transfer operations, vehicle traffic as well as leakages from buildings and roofs, from maintenance operations and breakdown of plants† (International Zinc Association, 2008, p. 1). These new innovative and sustainable ideas has led to better creation of products such as galvanized steel and lowered the effect of corrosion Commitment in the Environment The decline of emissions brought about by Zinc extraction and refinement can be attributed to the commitment of both many states and organizations that are committed in protecting the environment. Under this area, they create new standards and protocols that can help set the guidelines and effective ways to exhaust such resources in the natural environment without compromising quality and risks associated in the process. By having these mandates, better administration can be made and administered. Likewise, such commitment can be attributed to the capability of these institutions to monitor and implement regulations. For example, the passing of the EU Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Strategy on Zinc has given international organizations such as the EU to reinforce and implement better management of Zinc extraction from exhaustion to refinement (International Zinc Association, 2008). Conclusion To conclude, man’s commitment in environmental protection and sustainability has allowed us to find ways and means to develop better methods in enhancing exhaustion of natural resources such as galvanized steel. At the same time, we had the commitment to create institutions, mandates, protocols, and guidelines to actively reinforce the idea of protecting the environment. In the end, galvanized steel and its primary component Zinc has constantly sought to be ‘green’ because of the industry’s ability to abide and advocate standards towards efficiency and protection against risk factors. As these industries face the challenges of the 21st century, we can see a further commitment towards finding new tools and technologies that can create a better ‘green’ idea. Reference Galvanizing Cost (2008) Life-Cycle Cost Calculator. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http://www. galvanizingcost. com/ International Zinc Association (2008) Environmental Regulations. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http://www. zincworld. org/environmental%20_regulations. html International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc a sustainable resource. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http://www. zincworld. org/sustainable_resource. html International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc Emissions. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http://www. zincworld. org/emissions. html International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc: Essential for Human Health. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http://www. zincworld. org/zinc_health. html International Zinc Association (2008) Zinc: Essential for Man and the Environment. Retrieved March 8, 2009 from, http://www. zincworld. org/zinc_essential. html

Critically discuss the key issues involved in studying children and Essay

Critically discuss the key issues involved in studying children and young people - Essay Example This paper takes a keen look at the way education brings a renewed confidence and adaptability within the ranks of the young people and the children in meticulous. Young people and children are always studied from a number of angles and perspectives. This is because they are hard to understand at the best of times. There is so much going on within their lives that it is difficult to comprehend all of this. It is a matter of fact that the children who attend schools are better off than the ones who study within the four walls of their homes. The reasons could be manifolds for the same however what is important is to ascertain what forces these children to remain within their homes and not go to schools at all (Guha, 2008). The reasons are immensely different from one another. These could include their parents’ financial conditions, their lack of access to proper schooling regimes, absence of any schools whatsoever or non-granting of admission to schools to name a few. The kids start learning from a very young age and it is understandable that no parent would want his child to lag far behind the other children in the society or city for that matter. The school ensures that the kids learn the basics of schooling right from the very beginning and they are taught the most basic of activities, habits and manners right from the start (Guichard, 2011). This also guarantees that the parents are lessened of their responsibilities, though to a small extent since they have to look after the chores of their homes as well. It is a fact that the schools act as significant role-playing instruments within the growth and developmental regimes of the young people and children. The manner in which the difference is brought to the fore is another pertinent consideration, and one that has a lot of bearing on the way these students conduct themselves within the global dynamics. On the part of the child who is being looked after and taught at the school, it is made sure that he starts interacting with the young ones of his age and friends are created all this while, which when seen in the proper perspectives, is something of a healthy exercise (Strong, 1998). The school makes sure that the young ones get to learn easily and in a quick manner without any such hiccups happening at a very young age. At school, he is provided mentoring as well as training on different subjects while at home, there are serious issues as regards to a student’s timely coaching and getting acquainted with the educational norms (Cotugna, 2005). Mentoring helps in understanding what the psyche of the student is and how he will cope up with pressure in the form of projects, assignments and exams. The same is however a missing link within the home schooling domains. Young people and children need help from different quarters of the society and more specifically from the domains of their own parents and guardians. This is because they have little knowledge about the world that they live in, and need guidance from all and sundry (Jenkinson, 1995). Children need to be given the support and confidence from their elders so that they can develop into better human beings in the future. It is for their own good if they comprehend the true essence of life and

Understanding Organizations Through Imagery Assignment

Understanding Organizations Through Imagery - Assignment Example This has led to the growth of corporate social responsibility a move that tries to improve the organizational image within the outside World (Jones, 2013). Possible defects with corporate cultures lies in the way it affects the business management and operations. There exist a thin line between a healthy and unhealthy corporate culture which has a direct effect on the employees, sales and the overall customer satisfaction (Tosi, 2009). A culture that encourages aggressive behavior on the part of employees can be a turn off for the customer and thus drive sales downwards. Furthermore, an unhealthy culture can disrupt the team spirit among employees reducing their level of commitment on improving sales and services to customers (Scott & Davis, 2007). Thus, the top management should strive to ensure they propagate a healthy culture to the employees for a successful retail management. The images that I am most familiar are those that depict an organization as a living organism and an instrument of domination. This is demonstrated in the manner in which an organization struggles to survive within a competitive environment. Employees are subjected to long working hours to ensure service delivery of goods and services to the customer beyond the normal working hours e.g. in supermarkets. Unfortunately, a reduction in consumer purchasing power leads to employees’ retrenchment as the retail outlet try to reduce the operational cost (Jones,

IMPACT OF VIDEO GAMES ON STUDENT GPA and STUDY HABITS Research Paper

IMPACT OF VIDEO GAMES ON STUDENT GPA and STUDY HABITS - Research Paper Example According to Diamong and Sauer (2014) video games have no effect on GPAs. Specifically Math and Reading performance remain unaffected among adolescents. On their part, Mifsud, Vella and Camilleri (2013) cited mixed outcomes on learner literacy. Blumberg et al (2013) noted the lack of findings on the effects of violent video games on GPA prevents an informed position on the issue. In light of these balanced findings, common thing is that proper instruction could control any negative impacts of video games on GPA. Blumberg, F.C., Altschuler, E.A., Almonte, D.E., & Mileaf, M.I., (2013). The Impact of Recreational Video Game Play on Childrens and Adolescents Cognition. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 2013(139), 41-50. Mifsud, C.L., Vella, R., & Camilleri, L., (2013). Attitudes towards and effects of the use of video games in classroom learning with specific reference to literacy attainment. Research in Education, 90,

Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Research Paper

Key Dimensions of National Culture in Saudi Arabia using Hofstede Model - Research Paper Example Uncertainty Avoidance The day to day business of Saudi Arabia is also greatly influenced by Islamic principles; which we will analyze in the light of Hofstede model. Geert Hofstede used 5 dimensions to analyze the culture of various countries; these dimensions being power distance individualism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. Hofstede analysis for Saudi Arabia validates that their Muslim faith plays a significant role in people’s lives. (Hofstede, 1980) Their business culture puts a great emphasise on personal relationships between business associates. The Saudis prefer to do business with their family members, friends or those they are quiet familiar with. This shows that they like to be in their comfort zones, and do not trust people easily while doing business. Saudis like to have rigid codes of belief and behaviors and are intolerant of unorthodox behavior and ideas. For example, they do not approve of any unislamic habits or behav iors like drinking alcohol, eating pork, womenizing, gambling etc. This also gives an insight on the uncertainty avoidance of Saudis, which is 80 and it indicates that they prefer to avoid uncertainty in life. While doing business with familiar people, they can avoid the risk of working with someone entirely new. They have strict islamic punishments for theft, rape, murder and other crimes to put an iron hand on criminals. They have conservative dress codes in business and do not approve of modern attires. They are very risk averse in nature and avoid changes. By having rigid codes of conducts, laws, regulations, and rules they ensure that there is least amount of uncertainty and the unexpected do not happen. Power distance Saudi Arabia works in a high power distance community. Power is distributed ineuqally and there are vertical organizational structure. (Doing business in Saudi Arabia, online) Saudia is one of the few countries in the world, where the greatest power lies in the r oyal palace. Their king has the most authority in the country. Their score of 95 (Hofstede, 1980) on power distance indicates that the people accept their strict hierarichal model and do not object the unequal distribution of power. The power is usually central and most decisions are made at the top level, which are then filtered down with clear and exact directions to subordinates. The subordinates are much less empowered as compared to other cultures, and they do not have authority to make decisions. This shows their tendency to stick to tradional values and unacceptibility for modern menthods of business and governance. Collectivistic Society Saudis muslim faith compels them to stick to their families. A great emphasize on the family values is given in islam. Saudis value their families and friends, and deem them to be the most important aspects of their lives. Their decisions are largely influenced by the social setting they live in, and the responsibilities they have as family members. With a score of 25, they are very collectivistic society. They are driven by long term commitments in the form of groups. These groups consists of family, extended family and friends. Because of their muslim faith, loyalty and strong relationships with their family and friends is very important. As Islam considers all muslims as brothers and sisters, Saudis are very committed towards their fellow muslims. Maculinity Goverened by their faith, women are given great respect